The ZBA showed that with additives, significantly more spermatozoa bound to oocytes when a lecithin extender with additives was used (P < 0.05). The chromatin status of cells was not changed by cooling within 8 d. The percentage of capacitated spermatozoa did not differ between extender groups and there was no significant increase in acrosome reactions (AR) within 3 d. The use of an enhancer proved to be essential for all extenders and after 8 d of cooling, progressive motility (P) and viability (V) still averaged > 70% and > 80% with the lecithin extenders containing additives, whereas with TRIS-EY and without additives it was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Measurement in the CASA were repeated daily and prior to measurement, each sample was diluted with each of 4 enhancers with or without acetylcarnitine. Samples were then cold stored for 8 d and examinations repeated at days 3 and 8. All samples were examined by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), chlortetracycline assay (CTC) and flow cytometry, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and zona pellucida binding assay (ZBA). For this purpose, aliquots of 10 mixed ejaculates (main fractions) were either diluted with TRIS-EY or with three lecithin extenders containing 0.8% lecithin with or without catalase and tyrosine. Inferior knowledge of anatomy could result in the semen being deposited into the bladder or also trauma to the reproductive tract of the bitch.In the present study, a diluent containing 0.8% lecithin (Minitube®, Tiefenbach, G) for the cold storage of canine semen was compared to a Tris-egg yolk extender (TRIS-EY) containing 20% egg yolk. Artificial inseminations should only be performed by qualified Veterinarians to ensure the procedure is performed safely. We utilise a Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) system made by Minitube of America (Spermvision SARepro) which accurately assesses the motility and the number of sperm collected in an ejaculate, making our assessment technique the most advanced in Australia.
TCI is as close as we can get to a natural mating artificially.Ĭareful separation of the canine semen ejaculate, appropriate assessment with a phase contrast microscope and good technique with TCI or the Mavic catheter by Monash Veterinary Clinic Veterinarians ensures your bitch has the best chance of pregnancy. It must be noted that TCI can be, and in our opinion, should be, used for all fresh semen inseminations. TCI deposits the semen directly into the uterus and allows us to utilise poorer quality semen and successfully inseminate bitches at late states of their season. In many instances we will recommend transcervical insemination over intravaginal insemination. Fresh artificial inseminations should achieve an equivalent, if not superior, pregnancy rate than natural matings if performed optimally (this is what is achieved with the Mavic catheter). This procedure is far from ideal and will result in much lower pregnancy rates and smaller litter sizes than what is achieved via natural matings. Traditionally an insemination of a bitch has been done by collecting the semen and prostate fractions into a jar together, drawing the fluid into a syringe and inseminating the bitch with a bovine pipette quickly and then holding the back end of the bitch up for 5-10 minutes. The Mavic catheter is the best AI device on the market for vaginal insemination. There is a balloon at the end which is inflated with a syringe once in place and then the semen can be instilled through the centre channel which contains a valve to prevent back flow of semen. Developed by Minitube, they comprise a plastic catheter with a malleable permanent stylet. We use Mavic Catheters for all vaginal artificial inseminations. In order to maximise the success of a vaginal insemination we need to try to emulate the natural situation. The opening of the penis during the ejaculation lies at the opening of the cervix.
In a natural mating the penis is erect with the enlarged penis distending the vagina of the bitch which releases oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions and draw the semen up to the fallopian tubes. When considering what is best to use we must consider what occurs during a natural mating in the dog (and where the semen needs to be deposited). There are a number of options for vaginal insemination available in the general practice setting.
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